Home
General Fund Infrastructure · Phased execution against the gap

What gets built, year by year

The 25-year buildout schedule. Year 1-5 itemized; Era 2-3 (Years 6-25) listed as signature programs by 5-year window. The selected priorities — Civilization Premium first, then failure-mode reduction, then preservation discipline.

Civilization PremiumTwo-Ledger PrinciplePhased executionProject scheduleASCE Live TrackerBlack Sky / GridTrauma AccessPandemic PreparednessResilience
Projects shown
81
unfiltered
Total cost (filtered)
$639.5B
Civilization Premium
$110.7B
17% of filtered
25-yr program total
$2.4T
real 2030 dollars
Filter

Year 1 · 2030

Era 1 · Civilization Premium ramp12 projects · $51.6B
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· multi· 8yr
HVDC East-West interconnection capacity expansion, Phase 1
Carbon-transition + Black-Sky dual-purpose.
$4.6B
BCR 9.0
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· fed· 3yr
Spare-transformer cache program (Operation Sentinel scale-up, 5,000-unit federal reserve)
Avoided 6-month grid-outage tail risk.
$600M
BCR very high
Trauma networks + medical resilience· multi· 3yr
National Trauma Network rural Level-II capacity grants, Cohort 1 (24 facilities)
$1.2B
BCR 8.4
Pandemic-prep facilities· fed· 3yr
Strategic National Stockpile facility modernization (4 federal warehouses)
$900M
BCR very high
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 6yr
Lead service line replacement, Tier-1 cities (Newark, Flint, Jackson MS, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleveland)
$4.8B
BCR 11.2
Bridges· multi· 6yr
Brent Spence Bridge corridor (Cincinnati/Covington I-71/75)
KY/OH federal share continuation.
$3.6B
BCR 7.8
Rail — passenger + freight· multi· 10yr
I-95 Hudson River Tunnel (Gateway Program federal share)
NY/NJ.
$14.0B
BCR 8.9
Transit — state of good repair· NY· 5yr
NYC Subway State-of-Good-Repair Capital Program federal share, Phase 1
$5.5B
BCR 7.2
Aviation — towers + airports· fed· 7yr
NextGen air traffic control modernization completion
$7.0B
BCR 6.4
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 5yr
PFAS treatment infrastructure (federal coordination, 60 affected jurisdictions)
$2.4B
BCR 7.0
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 4yr
Federal courthouse deferred-maintenance backlog, Cohort 1 (60 facilities)
$2.0B
BCR 4.4
Broadband — last-mile rural + tribal· multi· 6yr
Rural broadband last-mile, NTIA-backed federal-coordination program
$5.0B
BCR 5.6

Year 2 · 2031

Era 1 · Civilization Premium ramp11 projects · $43.6B
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· multi· 4yr
Substation hardening program, 200-substation cohort
$3.2B
BCR 7.8
Ports + inland waterways + locks· MI· 7yr
Soo Locks new lock construction acceleration
Single-point-of-failure for Great Lakes steel/grain.
$3.0B
BCR 11.0
Trauma networks + medical resilience· multi· 3yr
National Trauma Network Cohort 2 (24 facilities)
$1.2B
BCR 8.0
Rail — passenger + freight· multi-NE· 8yr
Northeast Corridor catenary + electrification modernization, Phase 1
$4.8B
BCR 5.4
Rail — passenger + freight· IL· 10yr
Chicago CREATE freight rail program (federal acceleration)
$5.6B
BCR 6.8
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 8yr
Combined sewer overflow separation, Tier-1 metro cohort (12 cities)
$7.2B
BCR 4.7
Bridges· VA· 5yr
Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel federal share completion
$1.8B
BCR 5.9
Dams + levees (federal)· multi-W· 8yr
Federal dam safety program — Bureau of Reclamation cohort (40 dams)
$4.0B
BCR 9+
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 4yr
VA hospital deferred-maintenance backlog, southern-tier cohort (35 facilities)
$2.8B
BCR 4.7
Dams + levees (federal)· multi· 12yr
Federal levee certification + upgrade, Mississippi System Cohort 1 (USACE)
$8.0B
BCR 8+
School facilities — federal-share· multi· 5yr
School facility federal-share program (Tribal schools + HBCU facility cohort)
$2.0B
BCR 5.0

Year 3 · 2032

Era 1 · Civilization Premium ramp12 projects · $50.8B
Bridges· NJ· 7yr
Pulaski Skyway full replacement
$4.4B
BCR 6.2
Bridges· multi· 9yr
I-5 Columbia River Bridge replacement (Portland/Vancouver)
$7.8B
BCR 6.0
Bridges· multi· 6yr
I-55 Memphis Mississippi Bridge replacement
Post-2021 closure crisis.
$3.0B
BCR 7.4
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 6yr
Lead service line replacement Tier-2 cohort (12 additional metros)
$5.4B
BCR 9.8
Transit — state of good repair· NY· 5yr
NYC Subway SOGR Phase 2
$6.0B
BCR 7.0
Transit — state of good repair· multi· 6yr
DC Metro Silver/Orange/Blue capacity program
$3.6B
BCR 5.8
Pandemic-prep facilities· multi· 5yr
Sentinel Hospital Network buildout (5,000 hospital pandemic-readiness retrofit, Cohort 1)
$4.0B
BCR 8+
Ports + inland waterways + locks· multi· 6yr
Federal channel deepening: Houston, Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah, NY/NJ federal cohort
$5.0B
BCR 5.4
Broadband — last-mile rural + tribal· multi· 4yr
Tribal lands broadband completion program
$2.4B
BCR 5.0
Roads — pavement + Interstate· multi-W· 5yr
National Forest road system safety upgrade (USFS)
$2.0B
BCR 4.4
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 6yr
Federal lab facility modernization Cohort 1 (NIH + CDC + USDA + national labs)
$4.8B
BCR 6+
Rail — passenger + freight· multi· 5yr
Long Bridge (Washington DC) replacement
$2.4B
BCR 7.6

Year 4 · 2033

Era 1 · Civilization Premium ramp12 projects · $38.0B
Ports + inland waterways + locks· multi· 12yr
Ohio River lock-and-dam modernization program (Olmsted-pattern follow-on)
$6.0B
BCR 8+
Transit — state of good repair· MA· 5yr
Boston Green Line transformation completion
$2.4B
BCR 6.0
Transit — state of good repair· CA· 6yr
BART core capacity program federal share
$3.0B
BCR 6.4
Trauma networks + medical resilience· multi· 3yr
National Trauma Network Cohort 3 + air-medical evacuation infrastructure
$1.6B
BCR 8.0
Aviation — towers + airports· NY· 4yr
JFK Terminal redevelopment federal share
$2.0B
BCR 4.8
Aviation — towers + airports· GA· 5yr
ATL airport modernization federal share
$2.4B
BCR 5.0
Dams + levees (federal)· multi-W· 8yr
Western dams safety program Cohort 2
$3.6B
BCR 9.0
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 5yr
PFAS treatment infrastructure Phase 2
$2.4B
BCR 6.4
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 4yr
Federal courthouse backlog Cohort 2 (60 facilities)
$2.0B
BCR 4.2
Bridges· multi· 8yr
Highway-bridge backlog mid-tier cohort (1,200 structurally deficient bridges)
$9.6B
BCR 5.0
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· multi-W· 22yr
Distribution-side undergrounding program (federal coordination of state-led wildfire-corridor work)
$1.8B
BCR 6.0
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 4yr
Federal prison facilities-modernization Cohort 1 (constitutional 8th Amendment exposure baseline)
$1.2B
BCR 4.0

Year 5 · 2034

Era 1 · Civilization Premium ramp12 projects · $44.5B
Bridges· multi· 4yr
Memorial Bridge (DC), Arlington Memorial Bridge program, federal cohort completion
$1.4B
BCR 5.0
Roads — pavement + Interstate· CO· 5yr
I-70 Glenwood Canyon hardening
$2.0B
BCR 5.2
Pandemic-prep facilities· fed· 5yr
National Stockpile vaccine-manufacturing capacity expansion (BARDA-backed federal facilities)
$3.0B
BCR very high
Pandemic-prep facilities· fed· 6yr
BSL-3/BSL-4 federal lab capacity expansion
$1.8B
BCR very high
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 8yr
Combined sewer overflow Tier-2 cohort (12 cities)
$7.0B
BCR 4.7
Bridges· NY· 4yr
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge deck replacement
$1.6B
BCR 5.4
Trauma networks + medical resilience· multi· 3yr
National Trauma Network Cohort 4
$1.4B
BCR 8.0
Ports + inland waterways + locks· multi· 10yr
Inland waterway capacity expansion: Mississippi River + Tennessee River + Ohio River cohort
$8.0B
BCR 7+
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· multi· 8yr
HVDC interconnection Phase 2 (north-south tie capacity)
$5.4B
BCR 9+
Transit — state of good repair· NY· 5yr
NYC Subway SOGR Phase 3
$6.5B
BCR 6.8
Rail — passenger + freight· multi-NE· 8yr
NEC catenary Phase 2
$4.4B
BCR 5.4
School facilities — federal-share· multi· 5yr
School facility federal-share Cohort 2
$2.0B
BCR 5.0

Year 6 · 2035

Era 2 · Backlog buildout7 projects · $167.0B
Bridges· multi· 5yrsignature program
Mid-tier structurally deficient bridge cohort reaches 60% milestone; Long Island Sound crossing studies → construction; I-59/20 Birmingham Bridge replacement
$30.0B
BCR 5.0
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 5yrsignature program
Lead service line replacement Tier-3 cohort; Combined sewer overflow Tier-3 cohort; Western drinking-water shortage infrastructure
$25.0B
BCR 7.0
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· multi· 5yrsignature program
HVDC Phase 2 completes; substation hardening at 70% federal-asset milestone; transmission corridor expansion
$35.0B
BCR 8.0
Rail — passenger + freight· multi· 5yrsignature program
Hudson Tunnel completion (Gateway federal share); NEC catenary completion
$22.0B
BCR 8.0
Transit — state of good repair· multi· 5yrsignature program
NYC SOGR Phase 4; LA Metro buildout federal share (Olympics-catalyzed); BART core capacity completion
$28.0B
BCR 6.0
Trauma networks + medical resilience· multi· 5yrsignature program
National Trauma Network reaches 70% rural-coverage milestone
$12.0B
BCR 8.0
Pandemic-prep facilities· multi· 5yrsignature program
Sentinel Hospital Network reaches 60% capacity milestone
$15.0B
BCR Era-2 program — Civ-Premium

Year 11 · 2040

Era 2 · Backlog buildout6 projects · $114.0B
Bridges· multi· 5yrsignature program
Mid-tier bridge cohort completes; tail-cohort begins (long-tail expensive bridges)
$28.0B
BCR 5.0
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 5yrsignature program
Lead service line replacement reaches 90% national milestone; combined sewer overflow at 70% milestone
$22.0B
BCR 8.0
Grid — transition + Black-Sky· multi· 5yrsignature program
Distribution-side undergrounding at 50% federal-coordination milestone; spare-transformer cache at full strategic depth
$18.0B
BCR 7.0
Rail — passenger + freight· multi· 5yrsignature program
Chicago CREATE completion; NEC modernization at 75% milestone
$14.0B
BCR 6.5
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 5yrsignature program
Federal courthouse + VA hospital backlog cleared; federal labs at 70% milestone
$20.0B
BCR 4.5
Aviation — towers + airports· multi· 5yrsignature program
NextGen ATC completion; major-airport federal-share program at 60% milestone
$12.0B
BCR 5.5

Year 16 · 2045

Era 3 · Tail completion5 projects · $80.0B
Bridges· multi· 5yrsignature program
Tail-cohort bridges (5% most expensive). I-95 Hudson Bridge studies; Outer Bridge Crossing replacement; tail-cohort metro bridges
$22.0B
BCR 4.5
Transit — state of good repair· multi· 5yrsignature program
Boston transit final-mile; DC Metro extensions (FFR-supported only); LA Metro completion
$18.0B
BCR 5.0
Rail — passenger + freight· multi· 5yrsignature program
California HSR federal share (state delivery contingent); Texas Triangle HSR federal-share studies → construction
$14.0B
BCR 4.5
Broadband — last-mile rural + tribal· multi· 5yrsignature program
Last-mile rural completion at 95%+ household coverage
$10.0B
BCR 5.0
Drinking water + wastewater· multi· 5yrsignature program
Combined sewer overflow at 90% milestone; PFAS treatment at 85% milestone
$16.0B
BCR 6.0

Year 21 · 2050

Era 3 · Tail completion4 projects · $50.0B
Bridges· multi· 5yrsignature program
Final bridge replacements complete; transition to maintenance-only
$10.0B
BCR 4.0
Federal public buildings + courthouses· multi· 5yrsignature program
Final lab modernization; embassy facility modernization (State Dept); federal prison modernization
$14.0B
BCR 4.0
Roads — pavement + Interstate· multi· 5yrsignature program
Pavement preservation reaches steady-state replacement rate (no longer underfunded)
$18.0B
BCR 5.0
Aviation — towers + airports· multi· 5yrsignature program
Major-airport federal-share program completion; airspace modernization Phase 2
$8.0B
BCR 4.5
See also: Two-Ledger Principle · 25-year backlog clearance · Climate Trust 200-year project schedule